Active NPI 1568616977 Individual Practitioner Male Practitioner

Dr. Kirk Alexander Sturridge , MD

Ophthalmology • Dothan, AL

✓ Accepts Medicare Assignment

Professional Overview & Biography Verified Profile Summary

Dr. Kirk Sturridge, MD is a certified Ophthalmology practicing in Dothan, AL. With approximately 24 years of clinical experience since completing medical education in 2002, Dr. Sturridge delivers high-quality medical care to the local community at 5937 W MAIN ST.

Dr. Sturridge accepts Medicare assignment.

Frequently performed procedures and clinical services include exam of visual field with extended testing, established patient problem focused exam of visual system, established patient complete exam of visual system. Full Medicare procedure pricing transparency rates and service volume details are listed on this profile.

Practice Location & Contact Primary Location

Practice Address

5937 W Main St

Dothan, AL 363059317

Telephone 3344460872

Fax 3344460893

Associated Practice Facility / Clinic

🏢 Alabama Eye Physicians And Surgeons, P.c. Facility NPI 1174914881

Medicare Profile & Education

Medical School

Other

Graduation Year

2002

Medicare Assignment

✓ Accepts Assignment

Telehealth Flag

In-Person Only

Specialty Benchmarks & Practice Insights

Comparative analytics for Ophthalmology in Dothan, AL

Senior Veteran Specialist (>20 Yrs)

Practitioner Clinical Experience

24 Yrs -6.6 yrs vs City Avg

City Avg: 30.6 Yrs

State Avg: 32.5 Yrs

Regional Practice Density

21 Specialists

Practicing in Dothan, AL (257 Statewide)

Telehealth Adoption Rate

0.0% Regional Adoption

In-Person Office Visits Only

Medicare Pricing Discount

63.0% Avg Savings

Under CMS Medicare Fee Schedule vs Standard Submitted Charges

Clinical Seniority & Experience Comparison

Dr. Sturridge (24 Years) 24 Yrs

Dothan Specialty Average (30.6 Years) 30.6 Yrs

Performed Procedures & Service Volume

Top Medicare Part B procedures performed by this practitioner

CMS Official Data (2024)

Reporting Year:

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,023	1,280	$120.00	$54.52
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,756	987	$110.00	$79.75
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,252	1,065	$142.00	$113.22
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,143	1,101	$80.00	$29.51
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,094	1,043	$47.00	$24.39
92250 Photography of the retina	560	555	$90.00	$30.21
92134 Imaging of retina	513	391	$80.00	$34.23
92273 Full field recording of retinal electrical responses to external stimuli with interpretation and report	446	446	$155.00	$109.00
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	236	154	$1000.00	$217.72
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	217	217	$162.00	$132.97
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	200	130	$121.70	$35.14
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	186	136	$950.00	$293.18
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	167	167	$45.00	$9.23
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	161	95	$1806.52	$395.08
66030 Injection of medication into eye	114	67	$400.00	$98.92
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	59	48	$145.00	$86.30
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	53	38	$115.00	$59.58
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	52	30	$800.00	$243.65
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	48	36	$97.00	$17.17
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	47	29	$2000.00	$711.45
66179 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow	19	17	$1800.00	$966.69
66991 Extracapsular removal of cataract with insertion of artificial lens and insertion of drainage device in front chamber of eye	17	11	$2500.00	$572.18
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	15	14	$1700.00	$975.94
0449T Insertion of initial aqueous fluid drainage device into eye	15	11	$1700.00	$659.57
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	14	14	$190.00	$96.03

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,003	1,282	$120.00	$55.57
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,905	1,061	$98.72	$83.04
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,271	1,086	$132.56	$117.13
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,193	1,136	$80.00	$30.85
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,099	1,018	$47.00	$25.32
92250 Photography of the retina	687	676	$90.00	$31.57
92273 Full field recording of retinal electrical responses to external stimuli with interpretation and report	481	478	$155.00	$113.74
92134 Imaging of retina	448	352	$80.00	$35.24
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	309	196	$1000.00	$220.71
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	232	144	$120.60	$35.43
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	224	129	$1777.90	$389.38
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	202	202	$152.64	$139.43
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	176	130	$950.00	$298.04
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	172	172	$45.00	$9.77
66030 Injection of medication into eye	161	97	$400.00	$102.52
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	89	51	$800.00	$262.87
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	88	60	$105.34	$60.59
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	71	44	$2000.00	$760.08
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	64	35	$97.00	$17.62
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	59	53	$135.85	$80.95
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	21	20	$1800.00	$1038.28
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	21	17	$1595.24	$1010.02
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	11	11	$174.55	$91.69

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,057	1,290	$120.00	$57.51
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,827	1,040	$97.20	$83.88
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,280	1,067	$131.26	$119.30
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,189	1,130	$80.00	$31.61
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,118	1,050	$47.00	$26.11
92250 Photography of the retina	672	663	$90.00	$32.30
92134 Imaging of retina	385	316	$80.00	$35.86
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	287	181	$121.64	$38.40
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	268	181	$950.00	$309.70
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	250	156	$1801.80	$419.32
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	244	165	$1000.00	$228.72
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	220	220	$152.08	$141.44
J9190 Injection, fluorouracil, 500 mg	180	16	$5.00	$2.03
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	177	177	$45.00	$10.17
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	143	112	$102.70	$74.75
66030 Injection of medication into eye	134	83	$400.00	$103.80
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	91	85	$134.24	$100.42
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	87	50	$800.00	$271.37
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	68	47	$2002.94	$757.41
0449T Insertion of initial aqueous fluid drainage device into eye	58	45	$1700.00	$753.00
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	55	41	$97.00	$17.62
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	26	26	$169.04	$129.47
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	26	23	$1800.00	$997.55
67515 Injection of medication or substance into membrane covering eyeball	19	17	$130.00	$49.85
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	14	12	$1500.00	$1026.20
99212 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with straightforward medical decision making, if using time, 10 minutes or more	12	11	$60.00	$53.86

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,165	1,349	$120.00	$58.85
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,937	1,085	$94.59	$85.37
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,397	1,230	$80.00	$32.29
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,283	1,044	$129.00	$120.78
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,132	1,022	$47.00	$26.36
92250 Photography of the retina	539	539	$90.00	$34.14
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	355	232	$120.59	$40.23
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	345	243	$950.00	$309.40
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	310	202	$1683.39	$381.72
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	281	181	$1000.00	$234.61
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	244	244	$152.00	$144.03
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	214	214	$45.00	$10.38
J9190 Injection, fluorouracil, 500 mg	210	19	$5.00	$1.78
66030 Injection of medication into eye	168	96	$400.00	$105.61
92134 Imaging of retina	160	139	$80.00	$36.94
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	153	125	$97.82	$76.35
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	131	73	$800.00	$276.69
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	128	85	$2000.00	$777.34
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	104	89	$131.68	$98.21
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	61	46	$97.00	$19.39
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	42	37	$1800.00	$1092.05
0449T Insertion of initial aqueous fluid drainage device into eye	41	31	$1700.00	$766.17
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	31	31	$165.00	$132.67
99212 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with straightforward medical decision making, if using time, 10 minutes or more	28	27	$58.00	$51.95
66020 Injection of air or liquid into eye	26	14	$300.00	$188.83
67515 Injection of medication or substance into membrane covering eyeball	20	18	$130.00	$49.75
0191T Internal insertion of eye fluid drainage device	17	12	$750.00	$282.48
66982 Complex removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens	16	13	$1650.00	$483.48
66710 Destruction of lens tissue using laser	14	14	$1200.00	$374.75

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,053	1,354	$120.00	$58.77
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,927	1,095	$92.00	$84.03
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,435	1,252	$80.00	$32.76
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,330	1,071	$129.00	$120.07
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,024	931	$47.00	$26.34
92250 Photography of the retina	487	484	$90.00	$39.42
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	349	230	$1000.00	$236.34
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	336	228	$120.83	$44.39
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	304	217	$950.00	$309.35
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	267	267	$152.00	$143.79
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	261	175	$1770.11	$393.91
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	233	233	$45.00	$10.66
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	116	66	$800.00	$285.14
92134 Imaging of retina	101	93	$80.00	$37.92
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	94	75	$95.00	$59.63
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	91	70	$1989.01	$745.17
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	74	57	$97.00	$24.25
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	68	63	$127.00	$89.61
66710 Destruction of lens tissue using laser	56	51	$1200.00	$366.37
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	55	51	$1800.00	$1098.51
66982 Complex removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens	44	38	$2070.45	$546.98
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	31	23	$1500.00	$981.09
66174 Dilation of fluid outflow drainage within eye	24	17	$1600.00	$908.92
99212 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with straightforward medical decision making, if using time, 10 minutes or more	15	15	$58.00	$42.97
66250 Revision or repair of operative wound of eye	13	11	$903.85	$370.04
0449T Insertion of initial aqueous fluid drainage device into eye	12	11	$1700.00	$739.54
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	11	11	$165.00	$123.12

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	2,303	1,166	$92.00	$82.83
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	2,135	1,405	$120.00	$58.83
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,377	1,292	$80.00	$32.04
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,351	1,067	$128.99	$119.15
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	1,088	963	$47.00	$25.85
92250 Photography of the retina	628	620	$90.00	$43.67
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	427	285	$1000.00	$231.40
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	371	371	$151.96	$142.35
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	359	244	$120.81	$48.54
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	349	349	$45.00	$10.84
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	280	203	$950.00	$308.15
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	243	159	$2000.62	$437.59
92134 Imaging of retina	191	171	$80.00	$37.30
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	123	70	$800.00	$278.73
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	92	77	$94.39	$58.02
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	84	63	$97.00	$30.04
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	80	75	$127.00	$86.38
66982 Complex removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens	74	58	$2168.92	$566.45
66711 Destruction of tissue encircling lens using an endoscope	57	46	$800.00	$576.78
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	43	38	$1513.95	$1018.40
65820 Incision to improve eye fluid flow	40	34	$1900.00	$658.66
99212 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with straightforward medical decision making, if using time, 10 minutes or more	37	37	$57.92	$40.00
92025 Ct scan of cornea	36	33	$85.00	$32.92
66174 Dilation of fluid outflow drainage within eye	32	24	$1600.00	$872.42
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	29	25	$1800.00	$1080.09
66710 Destruction of lens tissue using laser	27	23	$1200.00	$358.93
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	26	26	$164.81	$128.61
66172 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	22	22	$1800.00	$1129.25
67515 Injection of medication or substance into membrane covering eyeball	19	16	$130.00	$74.02
J9190 Injection, fluorouracil, 500 mg	16	14	$50.00	$1.65
66250 Revision or repair of operative wound of eye	12	11	$850.00	$426.73

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	2,036	1,043	$91.70	$81.26
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	1,908	1,259	$120.00	$57.68
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,413	1,055	$126.71	$117.37
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,214	1,148	$80.00	$32.10
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	895	799	$47.00	$24.78
92250 Photography of the retina	529	525	$90.00	$48.46
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	441	283	$1000.00	$225.66
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	268	268	$146.72	$139.45
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	266	266	$45.00	$12.98
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	241	176	$128.42	$57.37
92134 Imaging of retina	199	164	$80.00	$37.32
92275 Recording of retinal electrical responses to external stimuli	187	187	$155.00	$135.62
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	187	132	$950.00	$297.18
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	145	105	$2100.00	$404.17
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	113	64	$800.00	$275.86
66711 Destruction of tissue encircling lens using an endoscope	88	66	$800.00	$559.41
66982 Complex removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens	81	64	$2382.72	$571.33
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	80	67	$86.53	$56.09
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	70	59	$1500.00	$1003.09
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	70	49	$97.00	$36.15
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	47	45	$125.96	$78.33
92025 Ct scan of cornea	36	35	$85.00	$32.18
J9190 Injection, fluorouracil, 500 mg	34	28	$50.00	$1.54
67515 Injection of medication or substance into membrane covering eyeball	33	27	$130.00	$91.12
66174 Dilation of fluid outflow drainage within eye	28	26	$1575.00	$886.93
66020 Injection of air or liquid into eye	26	13	$300.00	$164.39
76512 Ultrasound of eye disease, growth, or structure	24	20	$250.00	$74.18
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	23	22	$1800.00	$1064.11
66710 Destruction of lens tissue using laser	20	20	$1200.00	$361.91
66172 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	15	13	$1800.00	$1112.71
99212 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with straightforward medical decision making, if using time, 10 minutes or more	12	12	$55.00	$34.20
66250 Revision or repair of operative wound of eye	11	11	$995.45	$440.85

HCPCS Code & Description	Services	Patients	Submitted Charge	Medicare Allowed
92012 Established patient problem focused exam of visual system	1,848	980	$89.00	$76.16
92083 Exam of visual field with extended testing	1,791	1,229	$120.00	$54.65
92014 Established patient complete exam of visual system	1,580	1,060	$125.00	$110.60
92133 Imaging of optic nerve	1,179	1,123	$80.00	$30.60
92020 Examination of cornea and iris using lens device and slit lamp	720	627	$47.00	$23.87
65855 Laser repair to improve eye fluid flow	496	326	$1000.00	$215.96
92275 Recording of retinal electrical responses to external stimuli	462	461	$155.00	$128.07
92136 Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye	348	238	$130.00	$55.64
92250 Photography of the retina	346	344	$90.00	$55.62
76514 Ultrasound scan of cornea to determine thickness	299	299	$45.00	$12.38
92134 Imaging of retina	269	205	$80.00	$34.75
66984 Removal of cataract with insertion of lens	262	177	$1993.89	$403.95
92004 New patient complete exam of visual system	243	243	$145.00	$133.21
66821 Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser	178	122	$950.00	$284.94
99213 Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes	152	124	$83.36	$56.90
66761 Creation of eye fluid drainage tracts in iris using a laser, per session	118	63	$800.00	$255.12
66711 Destruction of tissue encircling lens using an endoscope	101	76	$800.00	$550.22
66170 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	96	78	$1500.00	$967.84
99204 New patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, 45 minutes or more	93	93	$160.00	$136.46
99214 Established patient office or other outpatient visit with moderate level of decision making, if using time, 30 minutes or more	73	67	$116.37	$79.30
J9190 Injection, fluorouracil, 500 mg	68	47	$50.00	$1.58
67515 Injection of medication or substance into membrane covering eyeball	67	46	$130.00	$87.50
66982 Complex removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens	65	50	$2340.00	$560.91
67820 Removal of eyelashes using forceps	52	32	$97.00	$43.59
92025 Ct scan of cornea	25	22	$85.00	$31.04
66172 Creation of eye fluid drainage tract	23	23	$1800.00	$1064.74
66710 Destruction of lens tissue using laser	23	20	$1182.61	$344.87
76512 Ultrasound of eye disease, growth, or structure	22	20	$250.00	$123.70
66180 Creation of shunt to improve eye fluid flow using tissue graft	17	16	$1800.00	$994.16
66174 Dilation of fluid outflow drainage within eye	15	13	$1600.00	$851.06
76519 Ultrasound of eye for determination of lens power	13	13	$125.00	$49.85
0253T Insertion of eye fluid drainage device	13	12	$1700.00	$1007.10

Medical Specialties & State Licenses

Ophthalmology Primary Specialty

NUCC Taxonomy Code: 207W00000X

State License AL MD.30046

An ophthalmologist has the knowledge and professional skills needed to provide comprehensive eye and vision care. Ophthalmologists are medically trained to diagnose, monitor and medically or surgically treat all ocular and visual disorders. This includes problems affecting the eye and its component structures, the eyelids, the orbit and the visual pathways. In so doing, an ophthalmologist prescribes vision services, including glasses and contact lenses.

Additional State Medicaid & Healthcare Payer Identifiers

Medicaid State Provider ID

80637829A (GA)

Medicaid State Provider ID

002006500 (FL)

Medicaid State Provider ID

117610 (AL)

Career & Practice History Timeline

Chronological log of verified NPI updates, location relocations, credentials, and registry changes

6 Historical Events

✅

NPI Profile Active June 26, 2015

NPI status registered as active in NPPES database

📍

Updated Practice Location June 26, 2015

Registered at 5937 W MAIN ST, DOTHAN, AL 363059317 (Tel: 3344460872)

📍

Updated Business Mailing Address June 26, 2015

Registered at 5937 W MAIN ST, DOTHAN, AL 363059317 (Tel: 3344460872)

👤

Provider Name / Credentials Updated June 26, 2015

Recorded as KIRK STURRIDGE, M.D.

🎓

Medical Taxonomy / Specialty Registered (Primary Specialty) June 26, 2015

Ophthalmology (License #MD.30046 in AL)

🟢

Initial NPI Registration & Enumeration November 12, 2008

First registered as active Individual Practitioner in NPPES Database.

Patient & Community Reviews

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NPI Administrative Meta

NPI Number: 1568616977

Entity Type:

Individual Provider Physician, Nurse Practitioner, or Solo Healthcare Professional (Type 1 NPI)

Enumeration Date: November 12, 2008

Last Update: June 26, 2015

Sole Proprietor: No

Update or Correct Profile

Mailing Address

5937 W Main St

Dothan, AL 363059317

Phone: 3344460872

Public Domain Record This profile contains public domain information published by CMS and NPPES under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).

⚠️ Medical Disclaimer

This directory listing is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or physician endorsement. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, please call 911 immediately.